What should be monitored when a patient is on ACE inhibitors?

Monitoring kidney function and potassium levels is crucial when a patient is on ACE inhibitors due to the drug's action on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. ACE inhibitors can cause a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which may lead to renal impairment, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney conditions or those who are dehydrated. Therefore, regular checks of renal function through serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels are essential.

Additionally, ACE inhibitors can lead to increased levels of potassium due to their effect on aldosterone, which normally helps to excrete potassium. High levels of potassium, or hyperkalemia, can be dangerous and may lead to cardiac complications. Monitoring potassium levels ensures that any elevation can be addressed promptly.

In contrast, monitoring heart rate, blood glucose, or liver function tests is not as critical in the context of ACE inhibitor therapy. While heart rate might be assessed for overall cardiovascular health, it is not directly influenced by ACE inhibitors. Monitoring blood glucose is more relevant in the context of diabetes management, and liver function tests pertain to hepatic status rather than the primary effects of ACE inhibitors. Thus, focusing on kidney function and potassium levels is the appropriate approach for patients receiving ACE inhibitors